Poweshell-Commands



ConvertFrom-SecureString Convert-Path ConvertTo-Html ConvertTo-SecureString

Example


NAME
    ConvertTo-Html
    
SYNOPSIS
    Converts Microsoft .NET Framework objects into HTML that can be displayed i
    n a Web browser.
    
SYNTAX
    ConvertTo-Html [[-Head] ] [[-Title] ] [[-Body] 
    ] [-CssUri ] [[-Property] ] [-As ] [-InputObject ] [-PostContent ] [-PreContent ] []
    
    ConvertTo-Html [-Fragment] [[-Property] ] [-As ] [-InputO
    bject ] [-PostContent ] [-PreContent ] []
    
    
DESCRIPTION
    The ConvertTo-Html cmdlet converts .NET Framework objects into HTML that ca
    n be displayed in a Web browser. You can use this cmdlet to display the out
    put of a command in a Web page.
    
    You can use the parameters of ConvertTo-Html to select object properties, t
    o specify a table or list format, to specify the HTML page title, to add te
    xt before and after the object, and to return only the table or list fragme
    nt, instead of a strict DTD page.
    
    When you submit multiple objects to ConvertTo-Html, Windows PowerShell crea
    tes the table (or list) based on the properties of the first object that yo
    u submit. If the remaining objects do not have one of the specified propert
    ies, the property value of that object is an empty cell. If the remaining o
    bjects have additional properties, those property values are not included i
    n the file.
    

PARAMETERS
    -As 
        Determines whether the object is formatted as a table or a list. Valid 
        values are TABLE and LIST. The default value is TABLE.
        
        The TABLE value generates an HTML table that resembles the Windows Powe
        rShell table format. The header row displays the property names. Each t
        able row represents an object and displays the object's values for each
         property.
        
        The LIST value generates a two-column HTML table for each object that 
		resembles the Windows PowerShell list format. The first column displays 
        the property name; the second column displays the property value.
        
        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                Table
        Accept pipeline input?       false
        Accept wildcard characters?  false
        
    -Body 
        Specifies the text to add after the opening '' tag. By default, 
		there is no text in that position.
        
        Required?                    false
        Position?                    4
        Default value                No text.
        Accept pipeline input?       false
        Accept wildcard characters?  false
        
    -CssUri 
        Specifies the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) of the cascading style 
        sheet (CSS) that is applied to the HTML file.  The URI is included in a
         style sheet link in the output.
        
        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                
        Accept pipeline input?       false
        Accept wildcard characters?  false
        
    -Fragment []
        Generates only an HTML table. The HTML, HEAD, TITLE, and BODY tags are 
        omitted.
        
        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                
        Accept pipeline input?       false
        Accept wildcard characters?  false
        
    -Head 
        Specifies the content of the  tag. The default is "HTML TA
        BLE".  If you use the Head parameter, the Title parameter is ig
        nored.
        
        Required?                    false
        Position?                    2
        Default value                HTML TABLE
        Accept pipeline input?       false
        Accept wildcard characters?  false
        
    -InputObject 
        Specifies the objects to be represented in HTML. Enter a variable that 
        contains the objects or type a command or expression that gets the obje
        cts.
        
        If you use this parameter to submit multiple objects, such as all of th
        e services on a computer, ConvertTo-Html creates a table that displays 
        the properties of a collection or of an array of objects (System.Object
        []). To create a table of the individual objects, use the pipeline oper
        ator to pipe the objects to ConvertTo-Html.
        
        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                
        Accept pipeline input?       true (ByValue)
        Accept wildcard characters?  false
        
    -PostContent 
        Specifies text to add after the closing TABLE tag. By default, there
         is no text in that position.
        
        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                No text
        Accept pipeline input?       false
        Accept wildcard characters?  false
        
    -PreContent 
        Specifies text to add before the opening TABLE' tag. By default, there
         is no text in that position.
        
        Required?                    false
        Position?                    named
        Default value                No text
        Accept pipeline input?       false
        Accept wildcard characters?  false
        
    -Property 
        Includes the specified properties of the objects in the HTML.
        
        Required?                    false
        Position?                    1
        Default value                
        Accept pipeline input?       false
        Accept wildcard characters?  false
        
    -Title 
        Specifies a title for the HTML file, that is, the text that appears bet
        ween the  tags.
        
        Required?                    false
        Position?                    3
        Default value                
        Accept pipeline input?       false
        Accept wildcard characters?  false
        
    <CommonParameters>
        This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug,
        ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable,
        OutBuffer and OutVariable. For more information, type,
        "get-help about_commonparameters".
    
INPUTS
    System.Management.Automation.PSObject
        You can pipe any .NET object to ConvertTo-Html.
    
    
OUTPUTS
    System.String
        ConvertTo-Html returns series of strings that comprise valid HTML.
    
    
NOTES
    
    
        To use this cmdlet, pipe one or more objects to the cmdlet or use the I
        nputObject parameter to specify the object. When the input consists of 
        multiple objects, the output of these two methods is quite different.
        
        --  When you pipe multiple objects to a cmdlet, Windows PowerShell send
        s the objects to the cmdlet one at a time. As a result, ConvertTo-Html 
        creates a table that displays the individual objects. For example, if y
        ou pipe the processes on a computer to ConvertTo-Html, the resulting ta
        ble displays all of the processes. 
        
        --  When you use the InputObject parameter to submit multiple objects, 
        ConvertTo-Html receives these objects as a collection or as an array. A
        s a result, it creates a table that displays the array and its properti
        es, not the items in the array. For example, if you use InputObject to 
        submit the processes on a computer to ConvertTo-Html, the resulting tab
        le displays an object array (System.Object[]) and its properties. 
        
        To comply with the XHTML Strict DTD,the DOCTYPE tag is modified accordi
        ngly:
        (<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"       "http:/
        /www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">)
        
    
    -------------------------- EXAMPLE 1 --------------------------
    
    C:\PS>convertto-html -inputobject (get-date)
    
    
    Description
    -----------
    This command creates an HTML page that displays the properties of the curre
    nt date. It uses the InputObject parameter to submit the results of a Get-D
    ate command to the ConvertTo-Html cmdlet.
    
    
    
    
    
    -------------------------- EXAMPLE 2 --------------------------
    
    C:\PS>get-alias | convertto-html > aliases.htm
    
    C:\PS> invoke-item aliases.htm
    
    
    Description
    -----------
    This command creates an HTML page that lists the Windows PowerShell aliases
     in the current console.
    
    The command uses the Get-Alias cmdlet to get the aliases. It uses the pipel
    ine operator (|) to send the aliases to the ConvertTo-Html cmdlet, which cr
    eates the HTML page.
    
    
    
    
    
    -------------------------- EXAMPLE 3 --------------------------
    
    C:\PS>get-eventlog -logname "Windows PowerShell | convertto-html > pslog.ht
    m
    
    
    Description
    -----------
    This command creates an HTML page called pslog.htm that displays the events
     in the Windows PowerShell event log on the local computer.
    
    It uses the Get-EventLog cmdlet to get the events in the Windows PowerShell
     log and then uses the pipeline operator (|) to send the events to the Conv
    ertTo-Html cmdlet. 
    
    The command also uses the redirection operator (>) to send the HTML code to
     the pslog.htm file.
    
    
    
    
    
    -------------------------- EXAMPLE 4 --------------------------
    
    C:\PS>get-process | convertto-html -property Name, Path, Company -title "Pr
    ocess Information" > proc.htm; ii proc.htm
    
    
    Description
    -----------
    These commands create and open an HTML page that lists the name, path, and 
    company of the processes on the local computer. 
    
    The first command uses the Get-Process cmdlet to get objects that represent
     the processes running on the computer. The command uses the pipeline opera
    tor (|) to send the process objects to the ConvertTo-Html cmdlet. 
    
    The command uses the Property parameter to select three properties of the p
    rocess objects to be included in the table. The command uses the Title para
    meter to specify a title for the HTML page. The command also uses the redir
    ection operator (>) to send the resulting HTML to a file named Proc.htm. 
    
    The second command uses the Invoke-Item cmdlet (alias = ii) to open the Pro
    c.htm in the default browser. The two commands are separated by a semicolon
     (;).
    
    
    
    
    
    -------------------------- EXAMPLE 5 --------------------------
    
    C:\PS>get-service | convertto-html -CssUri "test.css"
    
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"       "http://www.
    w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
    <html>
    <head>
    <title>HTML TABLE
    
    ...
    
    
    Description
    -----------
    This command creates an HTML page of the service objects that the Get-Servi
    ce cmdlet returns. The command uses the CssUri parameter to specify a casca
    ding style sheet for the HTML page. 
    
    The CssUri parameter adds an additional "get-service | convertto-html -as LIST > services.htm
    
    
    Description
    -----------
    This command creates an HTML page of the service objects that the Get-Servi
    ce cmdlet returns. The command uses the As parameter to specify a list form
    at. The redirection operator (>) sends the resulting HTML to the Services.h
    tm file.
    
    
    
    
    
    -------------------------- EXAMPLE 7 --------------------------
    
    C:\PS>get-date | cth -fragment
    
    
    
    Description
    -----------
    This command uses ConvertTo-Html to generate an HTML table of the current d
    ate. The command uses the Get-Date cmdlet to get the current date. It uses 
    a pipeline operator (|) to send the results to the ConvertTo-Html cmdlet (a
    liased as "cth"). 
    
    The ConvertTo-Html command includes the Fragment parameter, which limits th
    e output to an HTML table. As a result, the other elements of an HTML page,
     such as the  and  tags, are omitted.
    
    
    
    
    
    -------------------------- EXAMPLE 8 --------------------------
    
    C:\PS>get-eventlog -log "Windows PowerShell" | convertto-html -property id,
     level, task
    
    
    Description
    -----------
    This command uses the Get-EventLog cmdlet to get events from the "Windows P
    owerShell" event log. 
    
    It uses a pipeline operator (|) to send the events to the ConvertTo-Html cm
    dlet, which converts the events to HTML format. 
    
    The ConvertTo-Html command uses the Property parameter to select only the I
    D, Level, and Task properties of the event.
    
    
    
    
    
    -------------------------- EXAMPLE 9 --------------------------
    
    C:\PS>get-service A* | ConvertTo-Html -title "Windows Services: Server01" -
    body (get-date) -pre "

Generated by Corporate IT

" -post "For details, contact Corporate IT." > services.htm; ii services.h tm Description ----------- This command creates and opens a Web page that displays the services on the computer that begin with "A". It uses the Title, Body, PreContent, and Pos tContent parameters of ConvertTo-Html to customize the output. The first part of the command uses the Get-Service cmdlet to get the servic es on the computer that begin with "A". The command uses a pipeline operato r (|) to send the results to the ConvertTo-Html cmdlet. The command uses a redirection operator (>) to send the output to the Services.htm file. A semicolon (;) ends the first command and starts a second command, which u ses the Invoke-Item cmdlet (alias = "ii") to open the Services.htm file in the default browser. RELATED LINKS Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113290 ConvertTo-CSV ConvertTo-Xml NAME ConvertFrom-StringData SYNOPSIS Converts a string containing one or more key/value pairs to a hash table. SYNTAX ConvertFrom-StringData [-StringData] [] DESCRIPTION The ConvertFrom-StringData cmdlet converts a string that contains one or mo re key/value pairs into a hash table. Because each key/value pair must be on a separate line, here-strings are often used as the input format. The ConvertFrom-StringData cmdlet is considered to be a safe cmdlet that ca n be used in the DATA section of a script or function. When used in a DATA section, the contents of the string must conform to the rules for a DATA se ction. For more information, see about_Data_Sections. PARAMETERS -StringData Specifies the string to be converted. You can use this parameter or pip e a string to ConvertFrom-StringData. The parameter name is optional. The value of this parameter must be a string that is enclosed in single quotation marks (a single-quoted string) or a string that is enclosed in double quotation marks (a double-quoted string) or a here-string con taining one or more key/value pairs. Each key/value pair must be on a s eparate line, or each pair must be separated by newline characters (`n) . You can include comments in the string, but the comments cannot be on t he same line as a key/value pair. The comments are not included in the hash table. A here-string is a string consisting of one or more lines within which quotation marks are interpreted literally. For more information, see ab out_Quoting_Rules. Required? true Position? 1 Default value Accept pipeline input? true (ByValue) Accept wildcard characters? false This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug, ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable, OutBuffer and OutVariable. For more information, type, "get-help about_commonparameters". INPUTS System.String You can pipe a string containing a key/value pair to ConvertFrom-String Data. OUTPUTS System.Collections.Hashtable ConvertFrom-StringData returns a hash table that it creates from the ke y/value pairs. NOTES A here-string is a string consisting of one or more lines within which quotation marks are interpreted literally. For more information, see ab out_Quoting_Rules. ConvertFrom-StringData can be useful in scripts that display user messa ges in multiple spoken languages. You can use the dictionary-style hash tables to isolate text strings from code, such as in resource files, a nd to format the text strings for use in translation tools. -------------------------- EXAMPLE 1 -------------------------- C:\PS>$here = @' Msg1 = The string parameter is required. Msg2 = Credentials are required for this command. Msg3 = The specified variable does not exist. '@ C:\PS> convertfrom-stringdata -stringdata $here Name Value ---- ----- Msg3 The specified variable does not exist. Msg2 Credentials are required for this command. Msg1 The string parameter is required. Description ----------- These commands convert a single-quoted here-string of user messages into a hash table. In a single-quoted string, values are not substituted for varia bles and expressions are not evaluated. The first command creates a here-string and saves it in the $here variable. The second command uses the ConvertFrom-StringData cmdlet to convert the he re-string in the $here variable to a hash table. -------------------------- EXAMPLE 2 -------------------------- C:\PS>$p = @" ISE = Windows PowerShell Integrated Scripting Environment "@ C:\PS> $p | get-member TypeName: System.String Name MemberType Definition ---- ---------- ---------- Clone Method System.Object Clone() ... C:\PS> $hash = convertfrom-stringdata -stringdata $p C:\PS> $hash | get-member TypeName: System.Collections.Hashtable Name MemberType Definition ---- ---------- ---------- Add Method System.Void Add(Object key, Object ... Description ----------- These commands demonstrate that ConvertFrom-StringData actually converts a here-string to a hash table. The first command creates a double-quoted here-string that includes one key /value" pair and saves it in the $p variable. The second command uses a pipeline operator (|) to send the $p variable to the Get-Member cmdlet. The result shows that $p is a string (System.String) . The third command uses the ConvertFrom-StringData cmdlet to convert the her e-string in $p to a hash table. The command stores the result in the $hash variable. The final command uses a pipeline operator (|) to send the $hash variable t o the Get-Member cmdlet. The result shows that the content of the $hash var iable is a hash table (System.Collections.Hashtable). -------------------------- EXAMPLE 3 -------------------------- C:\PS>convertfrom-stringdata -stringdata @' Name = Disks.ps1 # Category is optional. Category = Storage Cost = Free '@ Name Value ---- ----- Cost Free Category Storage Name Disks.ps1 Description ----------- This command converts a single-quoted here-string that contains multiple ke y/value pairs into a hash table. In this command, the value of the StringData parameter is a here-string, in stead of a variable that contains a here-string. Either format is valid. The here-string includes a comment about one of the strings. Comments are v alid in strings, provided that the comment is on a different line than a ke y/value pair. -------------------------- EXAMPLE 4 -------------------------- C:\PS>$a = convertfrom-stringdata -stringdata "Top = Red `n Bottom = Blue" C:\PS> "Top = " + $a.Top Top = Red C:\PS> "Bottom = " + $a.Bottom Bottom = Blue Description ----------- This example converts a regular double-quoted string (not a here-string) in to a hash table and saves it in the $a variable. To satisfy the condition that each key/value pair must be on a separate lin e, it uses the Windows PowerShell newline character (`n) to separate the pa irs. The result is a hash table of the input. The remaining commands display the output. -------------------------- EXAMPLE 5 -------------------------- C:\PS>$TextMsgs = DATA { ConvertFrom-StringData @' Text001 = The $Notebook variable contains the name of the user's sy stem notebook. Text002 = The $MyNotebook variable contains the name of the user's private notebook. '@ } C:\PS> $TextMsgs.Text001 The $Notebook variable contains the name of the user's system notebook. C:\PS> $TextMsgs.Text002 The $MyNotebook variable contains the name of the user's private notebook. Description ----------- This example shows a ConvertFrom-StringData command used in the DATA sectio n of a script. The statements below the DATA section display the text to th e user. Because the text includes variable names, it must be enclosed in a single-q uoted string so that the variables are interpreted literally and not expand ed. Variables are not permitted in the DATA section. -------------------------- EXAMPLE 6 -------------------------- C:\PS>$here = @' Msg1 = The string parameter is required. Msg2 = Credentials are required for this command. Msg3 = The specified variable does not exist. '@ C:\PS> $hash = $here | convertfrom-stringdata C:\PS> $hash Name Value ---- ----- Msg3 The specified variable does not exist. Msg2 Credentials are required for this command. Msg1 The string parameter is required. Description ----------- This example shows that you can use a pipeline operator (|) to send a strin g to ConvertFrom-StringData. The first command saves a here-string in the $here variable. The second com mand uses a pipeline operator (|) to send the $here variable to ConvertFrom -StringData. The command saves the result in the $hash variable. The final command displays the contents of the $hash variable. RELATED LINKS Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113288 about_Data_Sections about_Quoting_Rules about_Script_Internationalization NAME ConvertTo-CSV SYNOPSIS Converts Microsoft .NET Framework objects into a series of comma-separated value (CSV) variable-length strings. SYNTAX ConvertTo-CSV [[-Delimiter] ] [-InputObject] [-NoTypeInfor mation] [] ConvertTo-CSV [-UseCulture] [-InputObject] [-NoTypeInformation] [] DESCRIPTION The ConvertTo-CSV cmdlet returns a series of comma-separated, variable-leng th (CSV) strings that represents the objects that you submit. You can then use the ConvertFrom-CSV cmdlet to re-create objects from the CSV strings. T he resulting objects are CSV versions of the original objects that consist of string representations of the property values and no methods. You can also use the Export-CSV and Import-CSV cmdlets to convert .NET Fram ework objects to CSV strings (and back). Export-CSV is the same as ConvertT o-CSV, except that it saves the CSV strings in a file. You can use the parameters of the ConvertTo-CSV cmdlet to specify a delimit er other than a comma or to direct ConvertTo-CSV to use the default delimit er for the current culture. For more information, see Export-CSV, and see the Notes section. PARAMETERS -Delimiter Specifies a delimiter to separate the property values. The default is a comma (,). Enter a character, such as a colon (:). To specify a semicolon (;), enclose it in quotation marks. Otherwise, i t will be interpreted as the command delimiter. Required? false Position? 2 Default value , (comma) Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false -InputObject Specifies the objects to export as CSV strings. Enter a variable that c ontains the objects or type a command or expression that gets the objec ts. You can also pipe objects to ConvertTo-CSV. Required? true Position? 1 Default value Accept pipeline input? true (ByValue, ByPropertyName) Accept wildcard characters? false -NoTypeInformation [] Omits the type information header from the output. By default, the stri ng in the output contains "#TYPE " followed by the fully-qualified name of the type of the .NET Framework object. Required? false Position? named Default value Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false -UseCulture [] Uses the list separator for the current culture as the data delimiter. The default is a comma (,). This parameter is very useful in scripts that are being distributed to users worldwide. To find the list separator for a culture, use the foll owing command: (Get-Culture).TextInfo.ListSeparator. Required? false Position? named Default value Comma Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug, ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable, OutBuffer and OutVariable. For more information, type, "get-help about_commonparameters". INPUTS System.Management.Automation.PSObject You can pipe any .NET Framework object to ConvertTo-CSV. OUTPUTS System.String The CSV output is returned as a collection of strings. NOTES In CSV format, each object is represented by a comma-separated list of its property value. The property values are converted to strings (by us ing the ToString() method of the object), so they are generally represe nted by the name of the property value. ConvertTo-CSV does not export t he methods of the object. The format of the resulting CSV strings is as follows: -- The first string consists of '#TYPE ' followed by the fully-qualifie d name of the .NET Framework type of the object, such as #TYPE System.D iagnostics.Process. To suppress this string, use the NoTypeInformation parameter. -- The next string represents the column headers. It contains a comma-s eparated list of the names of all the properties of the first object. -- The remaining strings consist of comma-separated lists of the proper ty values of each object. When you submit multiple objects to ConvertTo-CSV, ConvertTo-CSV orders the strings based on the properties of the first object that you submi t. If the remaining objects do not have one of the specified properties , the property value of that object is null, as represented by two cons ecutive commas. If the remaining objects have additional properties, th ose property values are ignored. -------------------------- EXAMPLE 1 -------------------------- C:\PS>get-process powershell | convertto-csv #TYPE System.Diagnostics.Process "__NounName","Name","Handles","VM","WS","PM","NPM","Path","Company","CPU"," FileVersion","ProductVersion","Description", "Product","BasePriority","ExitCode","HasExited","ExitTime","Handle","Handle Count","Id","MachineName","MainWindowHandle" ,"MainWindowTitle","MainModule","MaxWorkingSet","MinWorkingSet","Modules"," NonpagedSystemMemorySize","NonpagedSystemMem orySize64","PagedMemorySize","PagedMemorySize64","PagedSystemMemorySize","P agedSystemMemorySize64","PeakPagedMemorySize ","PeakPagedMemorySize64","PeakWorkingSet","PeakWorkingSet64","PeakVirtualM emorySize","PeakVirtualMemorySize64","Priori tyBoostEnabled","PriorityClass","PrivateMemorySize","PrivateMemorySize64"," PrivilegedProcessorTime","ProcessName","Proc essorAffinity","Responding","SessionId","StartInfo","StartTime","Synchroniz ingObject","Threads","TotalProcessorTime","U serProcessorTime","VirtualMemorySize","VirtualMemorySize64","EnableRaisingE vents","StandardInput","StandardOutput","Sta ndardError","WorkingSet","WorkingSet64","Site","Container" "Process","powershell","216","597544960","60399616","63197184","21692","C:\ WINDOWS\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powe rshell.exe","Microsoft Corporation","3.4788223","6.1.6587.1 (fbl_srv_powers hell(nigels).070711-0102)","6.1.6587.1","Win dows PowerShell","Microsoft® Windows® Operating System","8",,"False",,"860" ,"216","5132",".","5636936","Windows PowerSh ell 2.0 (04/17/2008 00:10:40)","System.Diagnostics.ProcessModule (powershel l.exe)","1413120","204800","System.Diagnosti cs.ProcessModuleCollection","21692","21692","63197184","63197184","320080", "320080","63868928","63868928","60715008","6 0715008","598642688","598642688","True","Normal","63197184","63197184","00: 00:00.2028013","powershell","15","True","1", "System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo","4/21/2008 3:49:19 PM",,"System.Diagn ostics.ProcessThreadCollection","00:00:03.51 00225","00:00:03.3072212","597544960","597544960","False",,,,"60399616","60 399616",, Description ----------- This command converts a single process object to CSV format. The command us es the Get-Process cmdlet to get the PowerShell process on the local comput er. It uses a pipeline operator (|) to send the command to the ConvertTo-CS V cmdlet, which converts it to a series of comma-separated strings. -------------------------- EXAMPLE 2 -------------------------- C:\PS>$date = get-date C:\PS> convertto-csv -inputobject $date -delimiter ";" -notypeinformation Description ----------- This example converts a date object to CSV format. The first command uses the Get-Date cmdlet to get the current date. It save s it in the $date variable. The second command uses the ConvertTo-CSV cmdlet to convert the DateTime ob ject in the $date variable to CSV format. The command uses the InputObject parameter to specify the object to be converted. It uses the Delimiter para meter to specify the delimiter that separates the object properties. It use s the NoTypeInformation parameter to suppress the #TYPE string. -------------------------- EXAMPLE 3 -------------------------- C:\PS>get-eventlog -log "windows powershell" | convertto-csv -useculture Description ----------- This command converts the Windows PowerShell event log on the local compute r to a series of CSV strings. The command uses the Get-EventLog cmdlet to get the events in the Windows P owerShell log. A pipeline operator (|) sends the events to the ConvertTo-CS V cmdlet, which converts the events to CSV format. The command uses the Use Culture parameter, which uses the list separator for the current culture as the delimiter. RELATED LINKS Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135203 Import-CSV Export-CSV ConvertFrom-CSV NAME ConvertFrom-CSV SYNOPSIS Converts object properties in comma-separated value (CSV) format into CSV v ersions of the original objects. SYNTAX ConvertFrom-CSV [[-Delimiter] ] [-InputObject] [-Header ] [] ConvertFrom-CSV -UseCulture [-InputObject] [-Header ] [] DESCRIPTION The ConvertFrom-CSV cmdlet creates objects from CSV variable-length strings that are generated by the ConvertTo-CSV cmdlet. You can use the parameters of the ConvertFrom-CSV cmdlet to specify the col umn header row, which determines the property names of the resulting object s, to specify the item delimiter, or to direct ConvertFrom-CSV to use the l ist separator for the current culture as the delimiter. The objects that ConvertFrom-CSV creates are CSV versions of the original o bjects. The property values of the CSV objects are string versions of the p roperty values of the original objects. The CSV versions of the objects do not have any methods. You can also use the Export-CSV and Import-CSV cmdlets to convert objects t o CSV strings in a file (and back). These cmdlets are the same as the Conve rtTo-CSV and ConvertFrom-CSV cmdlets, except that they save the CSV strings in a file. PARAMETERS -Delimiter Specifies the delimiter that separates the property values in the CSV s trings. The default is a comma (,). Enter a character, such as a colon (:). To specify a semicolon (;), enclose it in quotation marks. If you specify a character other than the delimiter used in the CSV str ings, ConvertFrom-CSV cannot create objects from the CSV strings. Inste ad, it returns the strings. Required? false Position? 2 Default value ',' Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false -Header Specifies an alternate column header row for the imported string. The c olumn header determines the names of the properties of the object that ConvertFrom-CSV creates. Enter a comma-separated list of the column headers. Enclose each item i n quotation marks (single or double). Do not enclose the header string in quotation marks. If you enter fewer column headers than there are co lumns, the remaining columns will have no headers. If you enter more he aders than there are columns, the extra headers are ignored. When using the Header parameter, omit the column header string from the CSV strings. Otherwise, ConvertFrom-CSV creates an extra object from t he items in the header row. Required? false Position? named Default value Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false -InputObject Specifies the CSV strings to be converted to objects. Enter a variable that contains the CSV strings or type a command or expression that gets the CSV strings. You can also pipe the CSV strings to ConvertFrom-CSV. Required? true Position? 1 Default value Accept pipeline input? true (ByValue, ByPropertyName) Accept wildcard characters? false -UseCulture [] Use the list separator for the current culture as the string delimiter. The default is a comma (,). To find the list separator for a culture, use the following command: (G et-Culture).TextInfo.ListSeparator. If you specify a character other th an the delimiter used in the CSV strings, ConvertFrom-CSV cannot create objects from the CSV strings. Instead, it returns the strings. Required? true Position? named Default value Comma Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug, ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable, OutBuffer and OutVariable. For more information, type, "get-help about_commonparameters". INPUTS System.String You can pipe CSV strings to ConvertFrom-CSV. OUTPUTS System.Management.Automation.PSObject ConvertFrom-CSV returns the objects described by the properties in the CSV strings. NOTES Because the imported objects are CSV versions of the object type, they are not recognized and formatted by the Windows PowerShell type formatt ing entries that format the non-CSV versions of the object type. In CSV format, each object is represented by a comma-separated list of the property values of the object. The property values are converted to strings (by using the ToString() method of the object), so they are ge nerally represented by the name of the property value. ConvertTo-Csv do es not export the methods of the object. -------------------------- EXAMPLE 1 -------------------------- C:\PS>$p = get-process | convertto-csv C:\PS> $p | convertfrom-csv Description ----------- These commands convert the processes on the local computer into CSV format and then restore them to object form. The first command uses the Get-Process cmdlet to get the processes on the l ocal computer. A pipeline operator (|) sends them to the ConvertTo-CSV cmdl et, which converts the process object to CSV format. The CSV strings are sa ved in the $p variable. The second command uses a pipeline operator to send the CSV strings in the $p variable to the ConvertFrom-CSV cmdlet. The cmdlet converts the CSV stri ngs into CSV versions of the original process objects. -------------------------- EXAMPLE 2 -------------------------- C:\PS>$date = get-date | convertto-csv -delimiter ";" C:\PS> convertfrom-csv -inputobject $date -delimiter ";" Description ----------- These commands convert a data object to CSV format and then to CSV object f ormat. The first command uses the Get-Date cmdlet to get the current date and time . A pipeline object (|) sends the date to the ConvertTo-CSV cmdlets, which converts the date object to a series of CSV strings. The command uses the D elimiter parameter to specify a semicolon delimiter. The strings are saved in the $date variable. The second command uses the ConvertFrom-CSV cmdlet to convert the CSV strin gs in the $date variable back to object format. The command uses the InputO bject parameter to specify the CSV strings and the Delimiter parameter to s pecify the semicolon delimiter. -------------------------- EXAMPLE 3 -------------------------- C:\PS>$j = start-job -scriptblock { get-process } | convertto-csv C:\PS> $header = "MoreData","StatusMessage","Location","Command","State","F inished","InstanceId","SessionId","Name","ChildJobs","Output","Error","Prog ress","Verbose","Debug","Warning","StateChanged" # Delete header from $j C:\PS> $j = $j[0], $j[2..($j.count - 1)] $j | convertfrom-csv -header $header MoreData : True StatusMessage : Location : localhost Command : get-process State : Running Finished : System.Threading.ManualResetEvent InstanceId : 6fcb6578-7f42-4d93-9f23-9937f6aac1a2 SessionId : 1 Name : Job1 ChildJobs : System.Collections.Generic.List`1[System.Management.Automat ion.Job] Output : System.Management.Automation.PSDataCollection`1[System.Mana gement.Automation.PSObject] Error : System.Management.Automation.PSDataCollection`1[System.Mana gement.Automation.ErrorRecord] Progress : System.Management.Automation.PSDataCollection`1[System.Mana gement.Automation.ProgressRecord] Verbose : System.Management.Automation.PSDataCollection`1[System.Stri ng] Debug : System.Management.Automation.PSDataCollection`1[System.Stri ng] Warning : System.Management.Automation.PSDataCollection`1[System.Stri ng] StateChanged : Description ----------- This example shows how to use the Header parameter of ConvertFrom-Csv to ch ange the names of properties in the resulting imported object. The first command uses the Start-Job cmdlet to start a background job that runs a Get-Process command on the local computer. A pipeline operator (|) s ends the resulting job object to the ConvertTo-CSV cmdlet, which converts t he job object to CSV format. An assignment operator (=) saves the resulting CSV in the $j variable. The second command saves a header in the $header variable. Unlike the defau lt header, this header uses "MoreData" instead of "HasMoreData" and "State" instead of "JobStateInfo". The third command deletes the original header (the second line) from the CS V strings and returns it to the $j variable. The fourth command uses the ConvertFrom-CSV cmdlet to convert the CSV strin gs to a CSV version of the job object. The command uses a pipeline operator to send the content in $j to ConvertFrom-CSV. The resulting object has "Mo reData" and "State" properties, as specified by the header. -------------------------- EXAMPLE 4 -------------------------- C:\PS>(get-culture).textinfo.listseparator C:\PS> ConvertFrom-Csv -inputobject $services -UseCulture Description ----------- The command uses the ConvertFrom-CSV cmdlet to convert CSV strings of servi ce objects that had been converted by the ConvertTo-CSV cmdlet. The command uses the UseCulture parameter to direct ConvertFrom-CSV to use the delimit er (list separator) of the current culture. When using the UseCulture parameter, be sure that the list separator of the current culture matches the delimiter used in the CSV strings. Otherwise, ConvertFrom-CSV cannot generate objects from the CSV strings. In this example, a Get-Culture command was used to verify the list separato r, before the ConvertFrom-CSV command was used. RELATED LINKS Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135201 ConvertTo-CSV Export-CSV Import-CSV NAME ConvertTo-XML SYNOPSIS Creates an XML-based representation of an object. SYNTAX ConvertTo-XML [-InputObject] [-As ] [-Depth ] [-NoT ypeInformation] [] DESCRIPTION The ConvertTo-Xml cmdlet creates an XML-based representation of one or more Microsoft .NET Framework objects. To use this cmdlet, pipe one or more obj ects to the cmdlet, or use the InputObject parameter to specify the object. When you pipe multiple objects to ConvertTo-XML or use the InputObject para meter to submit multiple objects, ConvertTo-XML returns a single XML docume nt that includes representations of all of the objects. This cmdlet is similar to Export-Clixml except that Export-Clixml stores th e resulting XML in a file. ConvertTo-XML returns the XML, so you can contin ue to process it in Windows PowerShell. PARAMETERS -As Determines the output format. Valid values are: -- String: Returns a single string. -- Stream: Returns an array of strings. -- Document: Returns an XmlDocument object. Stream is the default. Required? false Position? named Default value Stream Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false -Depth Specifies how many levels of contained objects are included in the XML representation. The default value is 1. For example, if the object's properties also contain objects, to save a n XML representation of the properties of the contained objects, you mu st specify a depth of 2. The default value can be overridden for the object type in the Types.ps 1xml files. For more information, see about_Types.ps1xml. Required? false Position? named Default value 1 Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false -InputObject Specifies the object to be converted. Enter a variable that contains th e objects, or type a command or expression that gets the objects. You c an also pipe objects to ConvertTo-XML. Required? true Position? 1 Default value None Accept pipeline input? true (ByValue) Accept wildcard characters? true -NoTypeInformation [] Omits the Type attribute from the object nodes. Required? false Position? named Default value False Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug, ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable, OutBuffer and OutVariable. For more information, type, "get-help about_commonparameters". INPUTS System.Management.Automation.PSObject You can pipe any object to ConvertTo-XML. OUTPUTS System.String or System.Xml.XmlDocument The value of the As parameter determines the type of object that Conver tTo-XML returns. NOTES -------------------------- EXAMPLE 1 -------------------------- C:\PS>get-date | convertto-xml Description ----------- This command converts the current date (a DateTime object) to XML. -------------------------- EXAMPLE 2 -------------------------- C:\PS>convertto-xml -as Document -inputObject (get-process) -depth 3 Description ----------- This command converts the process objects that represent all of the process es on the computer into an XML document. The objects are expanded to a dept h of three levels. RELATED LINKS Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135204 Export-Clixml Import-Clixml ConvertTo-Html ConvertTo-Csv NAME Convert-Path SYNOPSIS Converts a path from a Windows PowerShell path to a Windows PowerShell prov ider path. SYNTAX Convert-Path [-LiteralPath] [-UseTransaction] [] Convert-Path [-Path] [-UseTransaction] [] DESCRIPTION The Convert-Path cmdlet converts a path from a Windows PowerShell path to a Windows PowerShell provider path. PARAMETERS -LiteralPath Specifies the path to be converted. The value of the LiteralPath parame ter is used exactly as it is typed. No characters are interpreted as wi ldcards. If the path includes escape characters, enclose it in single q uotation marks. Single quotation marks tell Windows PowerShell not to i nterpret any characters as escape sequences. Required? true Position? 1 Default value Accept pipeline input? true (ByPropertyName) Accept wildcard characters? false -Path Specifies the Windows PowerShell path to be converted. Required? true Position? 1 Default value Accept pipeline input? true (ByValue, ByPropertyName) Accept wildcard characters? false -UseTransaction [] Includes the command in the active transaction. This parameter is valid only when a transaction is in progress. For more information, see abou t_Transactions. Required? false Position? named Default value Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug, ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable, OutBuffer and OutVariable. For more information, type, "get-help about_commonparameters". INPUTS System.String You can pipe a path (but not a literal path) to Convert-Path. OUTPUTS System.String Convert-Path returns a string that contains the converted path. NOTES The cmdlets that contain the Path noun (the Path cmdlets) manipulate pa th names and return the names in a concise format that all Windows Powe rShell providers can interpret. They are designed for use in programs a nd scripts where you want to display all or part of a path name in a pa rticular format. Use them like you would use Dirname, Normpath, Realpat h, Join, or other path manipulators. You can use the path cmdlets with several providers, including the File System, Registry, and Certificate providers. The Convert-Path cmdlet is designed to work with the data exposed by an y provider. To list the providers available in your session, type "Get- PSProvider". For more information, see about_Providers. -------------------------- EXAMPLE 1 -------------------------- C:\PS>convert-path ~ Description ----------- This command expands the current working directory. -------------------------- EXAMPLE 2 -------------------------- C:\PS>convert-path HKLM:\software\microsoft Description ----------- This command converts the Windows PowerShell provider path to a standard re gistry path. RELATED LINKS Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113289 about_Providers Test-Path Split-Path Resolve-Path Join-Path NAME ConvertFrom-SecureString SYNOPSIS Converts a secure string into an encrypted standard string. SYNTAX ConvertFrom-SecureString [-Key ] [-SecureString] [] ConvertFrom-SecureString [[-SecureKey] ] [-SecureString] [] DESCRIPTION The ConvertFrom-SecureString cmdlet converts a secure string (System.Securi ty.SecureString) into an encrypted standard string (System.String). Unlike a secure string, an encrypted standard string can be saved in a file for la ter use. The encrypted standard string can be converted back to its secure string format by using the ConvertTo-SecureString cmdlet. If an encryption key is specified by using the Key or SecureKey parameters, the Rijndael enc ryption algorithm is used. The specified key must have a length of 128, 192 , or 256 bits because those are the key lengths supported by the Rijndael e ncryption algorithm. If no key is specified, the Windows Data Protection AP I (DPAPI) is used to encrypt the standard string representation. PARAMETERS -Key Specifies the encryption key as a byte array. Required? false Position? named Default value Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false -SecureKey Specifies the encryption key as a secure string. The secure string valu e is converted to a byte array before being used as the key. Required? false Position? 2 Default value Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false -SecureString Specifies the secure string to convert to an encrypted standard string. Required? true Position? 1 Default value Accept pipeline input? true (ByValue) Accept wildcard characters? false This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug, ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable, OutBuffer and OutVariable. For more information, type, "get-help about_commonparameters". INPUTS System.Security.SecureString You can pipe a SecureString object to ConvertFrom-SecureString. OUTPUTS System.String ConvertFrom-SecureString returns a standard string object. NOTES To create a secure string from characters that are typed at the command prompt, use the AsSecureString parameter of the Read-Host cmdlet. When you use the Key or SecureKey parameters to specify a key, the key length must be correct. For example, a key of 128 bits can be specified as a byte array of 16 digits. Similarly, 192-bit and 256-bit keys corr espond to byte arrays of 24 and 32 digits, respectively. -------------------------- EXAMPLE 1 -------------------------- C:\PS>$securestring = read-host -assecurestring Description ----------- This command creates a secure string from characters that you type at the c ommand prompt. After entering the command, type the string you want to stor e as a secure string. An asterisk (*) will be displayed to represent each c haracter that you type. -------------------------- EXAMPLE 2 -------------------------- C:\PS>$standardstring = convertfrom-securestring $securestring Description ----------- This command converts the secure string in the $securestring variable to an encrypted standard string. The resulting encrypted standard string is stor ed in the $standardstring variable. -------------------------- EXAMPLE 3 -------------------------- C:\PS>$key = (3,4,2,3,56,34,254,222,1,1,2,23,42,54,33,233,1,34,2,7,6,5,35,4 3) C:\PS> $standardstring = convertfrom-securestring $securestring -key $key Description ----------- These commands use the Rijndael algorithm to convert the secure string stor ed in the $securestring variable to an encrypted standard string with a 192 -bit key. The resulting encrypted standard string is stored in the $standar dstring variable. The first command stores a key in the $key variable. The key is an array of 24 digits, all of which are less than 256. Because each digit represents a byte (8 bits), the key has 24 digits for a total of 192 bits (8 x 24). This is a valid key length for the Rijndael alg orithm. Each individual value is less than 256, which is the maximum value that can be stored in an unsigned byte. The second command uses the key in the $key variable to convert the secure string to an encrypted standard string. RELATED LINKS Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113287 ConvertTo-SecureString Read-Host NAME ConvertTo-SecureString SYNOPSIS Converts encrypted standard strings to secure strings. It can also convert plain text to secure strings. It is used with ConvertFrom-SecureString and Read-Host. SYNTAX ConvertTo-SecureString [-Key ] [-String] [] ConvertTo-SecureString [[-AsPlainText]] [[-Force]] [-String] [] ConvertTo-SecureString [[-SecureKey] ] [-String] [] DESCRIPTION The ConvertTo-SecureString cmdlet converts encrypted standard strings into secure strings. It can also convert plain text to secure strings. It is use d with ConvertFrom-SecureString and Read-Host. The secure string created by the cmdlet can be used with cmdlets or functions that require a parameter of type SecureString. The secure string can be converted back to an encrypt ed, standard string using the ConvertFrom-SecureString cmdlet. This enables it to be stored in a file for later use. If the standard string being converted was encrypted with ConvertFrom-Secur eString using a specified key, that same key must be provided as the value of the Key or SecureKey parameter of the ConvertTo-SecureString cmdlet. PARAMETERS -AsPlainText [] Specifies a plain text string to convert to a secure string. The secure string cmdlets help protect confidential text. The text is encrypted for privacy and is deleted from computer memory after it is used. If yo u use this parameter to provide plain text as input, the system cannot protect that input in this manner. To use this parameter, you must al so specify the Force parameter. Required? false Position? 2 Default value Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false -Force [] Confirms that you understand the implications of using the AsPlainText parameter and still want to use it. Required? false Position? 3 Default value Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false -Key Specifies the encryption key to use when converting a secure string int o an encrypted standard string. Valid key lengths are 16, 24, and 32 by tes. Required? false Position? named Default value Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false -SecureKey Specifies the encryption key to use when converting a secure string int o an encrypted standard string. The key must be provided in the format of a secure string. The secure string is converted to a byte array befo re being used as the key. Valid key lengths are 16, 24, and 32 bytes. Required? false Position? 2 Default value Accept pipeline input? false Accept wildcard characters? false -String Specifies the string to convert to a secure string. Required? true Position? 1 Default value Accept pipeline input? true (ByValue) Accept wildcard characters? false This cmdlet supports the common parameters: Verbose, Debug, ErrorAction, ErrorVariable, WarningAction, WarningVariable, OutBuffer and OutVariable. For more information, type, "get-help about_commonparameters". INPUTS System.String You can pipe a standard encrypted string to ConvertTo-SecureString. OUTPUTS System.Security.SecureString ConvertTo-SecureString returns a SecureString object. NOTES -------------------------- EXAMPLE 1 -------------------------- C:\PS>$secure = read-host -assecurestring C:\PS> $secure System.Security.SecureString C:\PS> $encrypted = convertfrom-securestring -securestring $secure C:\PS> $encrypted 01000000d08c9ddf0115d1118c7a00c04fc297eb010000001a114d45b8dd3f4aa11ad7c0abd ae9800000000002000000000003660000a8000000100000005df63cea84bfb7d70bd6842e7 efa79820000000004800000a000000010000000f10cd0f4a99a8d5814d94e0687d7430b1000 00008bf11f1960158405b2779613e9352c6d14000000e6b7bf46a9d485ff211b9b2a2df3bd 6eb67aae41 C:\PS> $secure2 = convertto-securestring -string $encrypted C:\PS> $secure2 System.Security.SecureString Description ----------- This example shows how to create a secure string from user input, convert t he secure string to an encrypted standard string, and then convert the encr ypted standard string back to a secure string. The first command uses the AsSecureString parameter of the Read-Host cmdlet to create a secure string. After you enter the command, any characters tha t you type are converted into a secure string and then saved in the $secure variable. The second command displays the contents of the $secure variable. Because t he $secure variable contains a secure string, Windows PowerShell displays o nly the System.Security.SecureString type. The third command uses the ConvertFrom-SecureString cmdlet to convert the s ecure string in the $secure variable into an encrypted standard string. It saves the result in the $encrypted variable. The fourth command displays th e encrypted string in the value of the $encrypted variable. The fifth command uses the ConvertTo-SecureString cmdlet to convert the enc rypted standard string in the $encrypted variable back into a secure string . It saves the result in the $secure2 variable. The sixth command displays the value of the $secure2 variable. The SecureString type indicates that th e command was successful. -------------------------- EXAMPLE 2 -------------------------- C:\PS>$secure = read-host -assecurestring C:\PS> $encrypted = convertfrom-securestring -secureString $secure -key (1. .16) C:\PS> $encrypted | set-content encrypted.txt C:\PS> $secure2 = get-content encrypted.txt | convertto-securestring -key ( 1..16) Description ----------- This example shows how to create a secure string from an encrypted standard string that is saved in a file. The first command uses the AsSecureString parameter of the Read-Host cmdlet to create a secure string. After you enter the command, any characters tha t you type are converted into a secure string and then saved in the $secure variable. The second command uses the ConvertFrom-SecureString cmdlet to convert the secure string in the $secure variable into an encrypted standard string by using the specified key. The contents are saved in the $encrypted variable. The third command uses a pipeline operator (|) to send the value of the $en crypted variable to the Set-Content cmdlet, which saves the value in the En crypted.txt file. The fourth command uses the Get-Content cmdlet to get the encrypted standar d string in the Encrypted.txt file. The command uses a pipeline operator to send the encrypted string to the ConvertTo-SecureString cmdlet, which conv erts it to a secure string by using the specified key. The results are save d in the $secure2 variable. -------------------------- EXAMPLE 3 -------------------------- C:\PS>$secure_string_pwd = convertto-securestring "P@ssW0rD!" -asplaintext -force Description ----------- This command converts the plain text string "P@ssW0rD!" into a secure strin g and stores the result in the $secure_string_pwd variable. To use the AsPl ainText parameter, the Force parameter must also be included in the command . RELATED LINKS Online version: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=113291 ConvertFrom-SecureString Read-Host